May 7, 2024 – Retirement: Early, Voluntary & Generally

“The courts have said that where there is an existing support obligation, retirement must be reasonable and for a valid reason: Smith v. Smith, 2013 ONSC 6261 (S.C.J.) at 59.

Generally speaking, unemployment or underemployment cannot be deliberately created to avoid a support obligation: Smith, at para. 60, citing Dishman v. Dishman, 2010 ONSC 5239, 94 R.F.L. (6th) 217 (S.C.J.), and Muirhead v. Muirhead, 1995 CanLII 627 (BC CA), [1995] B.C.J. No. 1088, 6 B.C.L.R. (3d) 229, 14 R.F.L. (4th) 276 (B.C.C.A.).

In Smith v. Smith, Gordon J. considered the concept of early retirement and opined that “[t]hat concept applies to premature retirement on a reduced pension for the purpose of defeating a legitimate support claim.”: Smith, at 65. While the concept of early retirement may mean somewhat different things in different contexts, it usually connotes a situation where the employee has made a voluntary decision to elect premature retirement. That is, the effective decision-maker is the employee. Here, in stark contrast, the effective decision-maker was Fiat Chrysler, whose decision to pull all work from Comber Tool, effectively sealed the fate of the business. In that vein, this is clearly not a case of early retirement.

Neither is this a case of voluntary retirement, as has been considered by the courts in cases like Dillman v. Dillman – a case much replied upon by the applicant wife (although subsequently reversed on other grounds on appeal) – where Harris J. concluded (in the context of a summary judgment motion) that “Mr. Dillman’s voluntary retirement does not trigger a material change of circumstances of a kind which would substantially diminish the weight of the original separation agreement.”: Dillman v. Dillman, 2019 ONSC 6249 (S.C.J.), at para. 39, reversed in part, 2021 ONSC 326, 51 R.F.L. (8th) 21 (Div. Ct.).

          Casier v. Casier, 2021 ONSC 3407 (CanLII) at 73-74, 79-80